Garegin nzhdeh biography samples

Aphorisms of Nzhdeh preserve a value of reflection for the new generations of Armenians and inspire them with patriotism, self-knowledge, self-confidence and self-reliance. By singling out a few of them, their contemporary relevance can be seen outright:. As one as well as the other — both I liked and used. But I appeared before an alternative and I had to choose the first because there are times when to advance, pen, word, truth need a sword.

I like the pen, which at the same time is a sword that knows how to raise thousand arms with swords to defend justice. Finally, this publication of Selective Works of Garegin Nzhdeh make available to scholars, researchers, students and general readers the political, military and philosophical reflections of a great 20 th century Armenian patriot, while paving the way for further studies into his worldview and his relevance to posterity.

Comparative links between European political, military and philosophical currents of thought and his approaches can be explored further. Share 0. Tweet 0. Pin it 0. Antranig Bedrossian, parev. Puzzled I am puzzled. Yes, in Armenia another Nazi collaborator is on pedestals, Tro Ganayan. Is it any wonder that later he was imprisoned by the Soviets?

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Nzhdeh attended a Russian school in the city of Nakhichevan and continued his education at a gymnasium in Tiflis Tbilisi. After two years of studying at the university's faculty of law, he left Saint Petersburg and returned to the Caucasus in order to participate in the Armenian national movement against the Ottoman Empire. In , Nzhdeh moved to Bulgaria , where he completed his education at the Dmitry Nikolov Military College of Sofia and in received a commission in the Bulgarian army with the rank of lieutenant.

In Nzhdeh returned to the South Caucasus. In , upon his return to the Caucasus, Nzhdeh was arrested by the Russian authorities and spent three years in prison.

Garegin nzhdeh biography samples

In , together with General Andranik Ozanian , he joined a battalion of ethnic Armenians within the Macedonian-Adrianopolitan Volunteer Corps of the Bulgarian army to fight against the Ottoman Empire in the Balkan wars , partaking in the campaigns to seize Thrace and Macedonia. Bulgarian military authorities awarded Nzhdeh with the Cross of Bravery for the bravery and extraordinary performance of the Armenian fighters.

Prior to World War I , after an amnesty granted by the Russian authorities in , Nzhdeh returned to the Caucasus to participate in the formation of Armenian volunteer units within the Russian army to fight against the Ottoman Empire. Later on, in , he commanded a special Armenian- Yezidi military unit. After the Russian Revolution and the withdrawal of the Russian army, Nzhdeh's unit fought in the skirmishes at Alaja near Ani , spring , allowing secure passage for retreating Armenian forces into Alexandropol modern-day Gyumri.

After clashing with Ottoman forces in Alexandropol, the Armenian fighters led by Nzhdeh dug in and built fortifications in Karakilisa moder-day Vanadzor. Nzhdeh played a key role in organizing the troops for the defense of Karakilisa in May He managed to mobilize a population of demoralized locals and refugees for the coming fight through his inspiring speech in the Dilijan church courtyard, where he called on the Armenians to wage a sacred battle: "Straight to the frontline, our salvation is there".

Nzhdeh was wounded in the ensuing clash and, after a violent battle of four days, both sides had serious casualties. The Armenians ran out of ammunition and had to withdraw. Although the Ottoman army managed to invade Karakilisa itself, they had no more resources to continue deeper into Armenian territory. In April , Nzhdeh led his troops from Kapan to Mountainous Karabakh's southern district of Dizak, soon after the massacre of the Armenian population of Shushi.

Dro's forces also marched to Karabakh from Yerevan. Their intervention, along with pressure on the Azerbaijani authorities from the Entente powers, brought an end to the massacres of the Armenian population of Mountainous Karabakh. While stationed in southern Armenia, Nzhdeh expelled the Turkic-speaking inhabitants of several settlements.

Following the Sovietization of Armenia on 2 December , the Soviets pledged to take steps to rebuild the army, to protect the Armenians and not to persecute non-communists, although the final condition of this pledge was reneged when the Dashnaks were forced out of the country. The Soviet government proposed that the regions of Mountainous Karabakh and Zangezur should be included in the newly established Soviet Azerbaijan.

This step was strongly rejected by Nzhdeh. A convinced anti- Bolshevik , he consolidated his forces in Syunik and led a movement against the Bolsheviks, declaring Syunik a self-governing region in December In January Drastamat Kanayan sent a telegram to Nzhdeh, advising that Nzhdeh allow for the sovietization of Syunik, through which they could gain the support of the Bolshevik government in solving the problems of Armenian-populated lands.

Nzhdeh did not depart from Syunik and continued his struggle against the Red Army and Soviet Azerbaijan, struggling to maintain the independence of the region. On 18 February , the Dashnaks led an anti-Soviet rebellion in Yerevan and seized power. The ARF controlled Yerevan and the surrounding regions for almost 42 days before being defeated by the numerically superior Red Army troops later in April The leaders of the rebellion—as well as 8, refugees and 4, soldiers— then retreated to Syunik.

The 2nd All-Zangezur Congress, held in Tatev on 26 April , declared the independence of the self-governing regions of Daralagiaz Vayots Dzor , Zangezur, and Mountainous Karabakh under the name of the Republic of Mountainous Armenia Lernahayastani Hanrapetutyun , with Nzhdeh bearing the title of sparapet , meaning "supreme commander" as its prime minister and minister of defense.

On June 1, the Republic of Mountainous Armenia was renamed the Republic of Armenia, and Simon Vratsian took the office of prime minister, while Nzhdeh remained as sparapet. Between April and July , the Red Army conducted massive military operations in the region, attacking Syunik from north and the east. After months of fierce battles with the Red Army, the Republic of Mountainous Armenia capitulated in July following Soviet Russia's promises to keep the mountainous region as a part of Soviet Armenia.

After the conflict, Nzhdeh, his soldiers, and many prominent Armenian intellectuals, including leaders of the first independent Republic of Armenia, crossed the border into the neighboring Iranian city of Tabriz. After leaving Syunik, Nzhdeh spent four months in the city of Tabriz. There his relations with the ARF leadership worsened, and he was expelled from the party in September at the suggestion of Simon Vratsian.

They had one son together, named Vrezh. Nzhdeh was involved in organizational activities in Bulgaria , Romania and the United States through his frequent visits to Plovdiv , Bucharest and Boston. In , Nzhdeh again came into dispute with the ARF leadership over the issue of relations with Turkey, with the party organization in Bulgaria being divided between supporters of Nzhdeh and supporters of the ARF Bureau the party's top executive body.

In the autumn of , Nzhdeh returned to Sofia. Zadeh , Ayaz Mutallibov , and Artur Rasizade Among politicians born in Azerbaijan , Garegin Nzhdeh ranks 8. Read more on Wikipedia Since , the English Wikipedia page of Garegin Nzhdeh has received more than , page views. Others Born in Go to all Rankings. His military savvy is only surpassed by his role as an author and a thinker whose collective works helped shape a national ideology and continue to influence the mindset of Armenian thinkers, politicians and leaders to this day.

Born in Nakhichevan, he left his study of law in St. Petersburg to return to the Caucasus, where he participated in battles as part of the Armenian liberation movement.