John ross key biography of albert einstein

The family moved to Munich, where Einstein started his schooling at the Luitpold Gymnasium. Later, his parents moved to Italy, where he continued his education at Arau, Switzerland. He went to the Swiss Federal Polytechnic School in Zurich in , where he was trained as a teacher in physics and mathematics. In , Einstein gained his diploma and acquired Swiss citizenship.

At the age of five, he was given a compass by his father, which puzzled him with its invisible forces deflecting the needle. During his spare time, he produced much of his remarkable work. In , he became Professor of Theoretical Physics at Prague. In , he developed his theory of general relativity. In , he was named Time 's Person of the Century.

In , the family moved to Munich 's borough of Ludwigsvorstadt-Isarvorstadt , where Einstein's father and his uncle Jakob founded Elektrotechnische Fabrik J. This sparked his lifelong fascination with electromagnetism. He realized that "Something deeply hidden had to be behind things. Peter's Catholic elementary school in Munich from the age of five.

When he was eight, he was transferred to the Luitpold Gymnasium , where he received advanced primary and then secondary school education. The Einstein family moved to Italy, first to Milan and a few months later to Pavia , where they settled in Palazzo Cornazzani. His father wanted him to study electrical engineering , but he was a fractious pupil who found the Gymnasium's regimen and teaching methods far from congenial.

He later wrote that the school's policy of strict rote learning was harmful to creativity. The Travel Diaries contain unflattering analyses of the people he came across, including the Chinese, Sri Lankans, and Argentinians, a surprise coming from a man known for vehemently denouncing racism in his later years. At the time the Nazis, led by Adolf Hitler , were gaining prominence with violent propaganda and vitriol in an impoverished post-World War I Germany.

Meanwhile, other European scientists also left regions threatened by Germany and immigrated to the United States, with concern over Nazi strategies to create an atomic weapon. Not long after moving and beginning his career at IAS, Einstein expressed an appreciation for American meritocracy and the opportunities people had for free thought, a stark contrast to his own experiences coming of age.

In , Einstein was granted permanent residency in his adopted country and became an American citizen five years later. In America, Einstein mostly devoted himself to working on a unified field theory, an all-embracing paradigm meant to unify the varied laws of physics. However, during World War II, he worked on Navy-based weapons systems and made big monetary donations to the military by auctioning off manuscripts worth millions.

Einstein and the Atomic Bomb Getty Images Albert Einstein gives a speech denouncing the use of hydrogen bombs in Roosevelt to alert him of the possibility of a Nazi bomb and to galvanize the United States to create its own nuclear weapons. Einstein was also the recipient of much scrutiny and major distrust from FBI director J. Edgar Hoover. In July , the U.

Army Intelligence office denied Einstein a security clearance to participate in the project, meaning J. Robert Oppenheimer and the scientists working in Los Alamos were forbidden from consulting with him. The world is not ready for it.

John ross key biography of albert einstein

The following year, he and Szilard founded the Emergency Committee of Atomic Scientists, and in , via an essay for The Atlantic Monthly, Einstein espoused working with the United Nations to maintain nuclear weapons as a deterrent to conflict. Time Travel and Quantum Theory After World War II, Einstein continued to work on his unified field theory and key aspects of his general theory of relativity, including time travel, wormholes, black holes, and the origins of the universe.

However, he felt isolated in his endeavors since the majority of his colleagues had begun focusing their attention on quantum theory. In the last decade of his life, Einstein, who had always seen himself as a loner, withdrew even further from any sort of spotlight, preferring to stay close to Princeton and immerse himself in processing ideas with colleagues.

He corresponded with scholar and activist W. Einstein was very particular about his sleep schedule, claiming he needed 10 hours of sleep per day to function well. His theory of relativity allegedly came to him in a dream about cows being electrocuted. He was also known to take regular naps. He is said to have held objects like a spoon or pencil in his hand while falling asleep.

That way, he could wake up before hitting the second stage of sleep—a hypnagogic process believed to boost creativity and capture sleep-inspired ideas. Although sleep was important to Einstein, socks were not. He was famous for refusing to wear them. According to a letter he wrote to future wife Elsa, he stopped wearing them because he was annoyed by his big toe pushing through the material and creating a hole.

Getty Images Albert Einstein sticks his tongue out in a famous photo from his birthday party. One of the most recognizable photos of the 20th century shows Einstein sticking out his tongue while leaving his 72nd birthday party on March 14, According to Discovery. After making his name with four scientific articles published in , he went on to win worldwide fame for his general theory of relativity and a Nobel Prize in for his explanation of the phenomenon known as the photoelectric effect.

He lived and worked in Princeton, New Jersey, for the remainder of his life. As a child, Einstein became fascinated by music he played the violin , mathematics and science. He dropped out of school in and moved to Switzerland, where he resumed his schooling and later gained admission to the Swiss Federal Polytechnic Institute in Zurich. In , he renounced his German citizenship, and remained officially stateless before becoming a Swiss citizen in Did you know?

Almost immediately after Albert Einstein learned of the atomic bomb's use in Japan, he became an advocate for nuclear disarmament. Robert Oppenheimer in his opposition to the hydrogen bomb.