Jacques chirac previous offices of presidents

For example, he often engaged in direct dialogues with his fellow citizens, seeking to break down barriers between the president and the people. Despite his many successes, Jacques Chirac did not escape some controversies and criticisms during his term. After his departure, investigations concerning corruption cases emerged, tarnishing part of his legacy.

Moreover, some of his policies, such as the pension reform, were very poorly received, sparking protests across the country. The criticisms are not limited to his management. His foreign policy, particularly his reluctance to participate in military interventions, also drew criticism. Some accused him of being too soft on a pacifist agenda, while others saw him as a man committed to non-interference in the affairs of other countries.

Yet, even in the face of these controversies, Jacques Chirac managed to maintain a certain level of popular support. His image as a man of peace and dialogue endured despite the storms. Jacques Chirac left an indelible mark on the country. His commitment to cultural diversity and the environment is particularly notable. Many French continue to view Chirac as an interface between politics and culture.

Here are some aspects of his legacy:. The figure of Jacques Chirac continues to influence current French politics. Education and early career [ edit ]. Early political career [ edit ]. This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.

May Learn how and when to remove this message. The "Bulldozer": — [ edit ]. Cabinet minister: — [ edit ]. Prime Minister of Giscard: — [ edit ]. Mayor of Paris: — [ edit ]. Governmental opposition [ edit ]. Struggle for the right-wing leadership: — [ edit ]. Prime Minister of Mitterrand: — [ edit ]. Crossing the desert: — [ edit ]. Presidency — [ edit ].

First term: — [ edit ]. State responsibility for the roundup of Jews [ edit ]. Defence policy [ edit ]. Close call [ edit ]. Second term: — [ edit ]. Main article: Jacques Chirac's second term as President of France. Early term [ edit ]. Assassination attempt [ edit ]. Foreign policy [ edit ]. Flight tax [ edit ]. Further information: civil unrest in France and labour protests in France.

Retirement [ edit ]. Post-presidency and death [ edit ]. Death and state funeral [ edit ]. Popular culture [ edit ]. A major fixture of the Guignols [ edit ]. Satirical songs [ edit ]. Ig Nobel [ edit ]. Portrayals in film [ edit ]. Controversies [ edit ]. This article's "criticism" or "controversy" section may compromise the article's neutrality.

Please help rewrite or integrate negative information to other sections through discussion on the talk page. November Osirak controversy [ edit ]. Conviction for corruption [ edit ]. See also: Corruption scandals in the Paris region. The Clearstream Affair [ edit ]. Further information: Clearstream. Personal life [ edit ]. Academic works [ edit ].

Political career [ edit ]. This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. October Learn how and when to remove this message. Governmental functions [ edit ]. Electoral mandates [ edit ]. European Parliament [ edit ]. National Assembly of France [ edit ]. General Council [ edit ].

Municipal Council [ edit ]. Political function [ edit ]. Ministries [ edit ]. First Chirac ministry [ edit ]. Further information in French : First Chirac ministry [ fr ]. Second Chirac ministry [ edit ]. Further information in French : Second Chirac ministry [ fr ]. Honours [ edit ]. March Learn how and when to remove this message. National honours [ edit ].

Foreign honours [ edit ]. Other [ edit ]. Publications [ edit ]. See also [ edit ]. References [ edit ].

Jacques chirac previous offices of presidents

Lexico UK English Dictionary. Oxford University Press. Archived from the original on 17 April Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English. Archived from the original on 22 August Retrieved 22 August Archived from the original on 7 August Retrieved 20 April MIT Press. ISBN Archived from the original on 7 June Retrieved 7 June National Institute of Statistics and Economic Studies.

Archived from the original on 1 January Retrieved 26 January Financial Times. Archived from the original on 1 October Retrieved 1 January New Statesman. Archived from the original on 4 October Retrieved 30 December The Guardian. Retrieved 28 September Archived from the original on 18 June Retrieved 30 June My Life in Politics.

St Martin's Press. Retrieved 19 August ISSN JSTOR Archived from the original on 29 March Retrieved 17 December Retrieved 26 September Paris: Fayard. Retrieved 17 January The New York Times. Archived from the original on 4 March Retrieved 14 March Prime Minister Chirac, whose abrasive manner once earned him the nickname "the Bulldozer," Retrieved 19 May Le Monde in French.

Archived from the original PDF on 3 July Los Angeles Times. BBC News. Archived from the original on 23 July Retrieved 5 June Archived from the original on 26 August Retrieved 29 July Marie-France Garaud taclera-t-elle Sarkozy? Le Post. Retrieved 14 December Retrieved 14 May Archived from the original on 30 July Retrieved 30 July The Age.

Archived from the original on 10 May Archived from the original on 14 December Retrieved 24 March French Politics and Society. Archived from the original on 26 September Archived from the original on 24 March Archived from the original on 25 July Archived from the original on 7 December Retrieved 28 December Archived from the original on 9 November Retrieved 21 June Archived from the original PDF on 24 July Charles de Gaulle was President for 10 years, provisional head of state for 2 years, and leader of Free France for 4 years.

Jean Casimir-Perier resigned in frustration after less than seven months in office. List [ edit ]. Incumbent president. By Republic [ edit ]. French Second Republic — [ edit ]. French Third Republic — [ edit ]. Paul Barras 2 November — 9 November Roger Ducos 18 June — 9 November Roger Ducos. Jacques-Charles Dupont de l'Eure [ 3 ] — Resigned in May , making way for the Executive Commission.

Granted dictatorial powers by the National Assembly, during the June Days uprising. Following his suppression of the uprising, Cavaignac was appointed Chief of the Executive Power by the National Assembly. He provoked the coup of and proclaimed himself Emperor in Louis-Jules Trochu [ 7 ] — He rallied the French defenses during the Siege of Paris , but the Government was defeated by the nascent German Empire.

Adolphe Thiers [ 8 ] — Elected Chief of the Executive Power by the National Assembly, following the Siege of Paris , and established a government with a republican majority. After fighting to re-establish state control over the Paris Commune and securing the withdrawal of the German Army from France, he was elected President of the Republic by the National Assembly.

Adolphe Thiers [ 9 ] — Initially a moderate monarchist, named President of France following the adoption of the Rivet law, establishing provisional republican institutions. He became a supporter of the Third Republic during his term. He resigned in the face of hostility from the National Assembly , largely in favour of a return to the monarchy.

Patrice de MacMahon [ 10 ] — He resigned shortly after the republican victory in the January legislative election, following a previous republican victory in , after his decision to dissolve the Chamber of Deputies. During his term, the Constitutional Laws of that served as the Constitution of the Third Republic were passed; he therefore became the first President under the constitutional settlement that would last until The first President of France to complete a full term, he was easily reelected in December He was nonetheless forced to resign, following an honours scandal in which his son-in-law was implicated.

The Government of Maurice Rouvier deputized during the interim 2—3 December Sadi Carnot [ 12 ] — His term was marked by Boulangist unrest and the Panama scandals , as well as by diplomacy with Russia. The Government of Charles Dupuy deputized during the interim 25—27 June Jean Casimir-Perier [ 13 ] — Casimir-Perier's was the shortest presidential term: he resigned after six months and 20 days.

The Government of Charles Dupuy deputized during the interim 16—17 January Opportunist Republican; Progressive Republican. Pursued colonial expansion and ties with Russia. President during the Dreyfus affair. The Government of Charles Dupuy deputized during the interim 16—18 February Democratic Republican Alliance. During his seven-year term, the law on the Separation of the Churches and the State was adopted.

He did not seek reelection at the end of his term. President during the Agadir Crisis , when French troops first occupied Morocco. He was a party to the Triple Entente , which he strengthened by diplomacy. Like his predecessor, he did not seek reelection. President during World War I. He subsequently served as Prime minister , — and — Paul Deschanel [ 18 ] — He resigned after eight months due to health problems.

The Government of Alexandre Millerand deputized during the interim 21—23 September Alexandre Millerand [ 19 ] — An " Independent Socialist " increasingly drawn to the right, he resigned after four years following the victory of the Cartel des Gauches in the legislative election. Gaston Doumergue [ 20 ] — Radical-Socialist and Radical Republican Party.

The first Protestant President, he took a firm political stance against Germany and its resurgent nationalism. His seven-year term was marked by ministerial discontinuity. Paul Doumer [ 21 ] — Elected in the second round of the election, having defeated Aristide Briand. Assassinated shot by the mentally unstable Paul Gorguloff. Albert Lebrun [ 22 ] — Democratic Alliance.