Interesting facts on jose de san martin

This made him an easy target, but Sergeant Juan Bautista Cabral helped him extricate himself. While he was helping the Colonel, Cabral was attacked himself, and died from his wounds after the battle. After joining the defeated Army of the North in Yatasto, he took command in January , Belgrano becoming second in command. However, after minor struggles in Salta and Jujuy, news of the victory of Commander Guillermo Brown against the loyalist's navy, and the resulting blockade of Montevideo, made the loyalist forces from Peru retreat to concentrate its forces.

But because of the geographical advantage, forces attacking Upper Peru were easily defeated by the royalists for the very same reasons. He realized that it would be impossible to enter the large city without having conquering the land to the south. To this end, he requested to be appointed governor of Cuyo. One month after he took office, royalist forces defeated rebel forces under Bernardo O'Higgins' command O'Higgins fled to the Andes.

He kept his troops in Mendoza to train and prepare them. Other measures included a disinformation campaign in Chile by sending fake information on the possible attack routes, and information gathering of the situation in Chile in order to prevent a possible attack from there.

Interesting facts on jose de san martin

He fooled natives also having them do his military favors and not reciprocating. During his governorship of Cuyo, he organized the Army of Cuyo. These Chilean corps were remnants of the army that had fled from Chile after the Battle of Rancagua. By October , after contributions of several provinces, the army had 1, infantry soldiers, 1, men in cavalry, men in artillery and 10 cannons.

However many problems arose, such as low supplies of powder, iron, and uniforms. His efforts were often undermined by the skepticism of some local leaders about the viability of the campaign against the Viceroyalty of Peru through the Andes. The army was divided in two main columns and four minor ones, keeping the decided paths in secret. The crossing of the Andes was extremely difficult and took 21 day with the high altitudes and low temperature.

After crossing the Andes and entering Chile, the Spanish royalist forces were taking positions in Mount Cuesta Vieja, preparing themselves for the confrontation against the Army of the Andes. By February 10, , the Army of the Andes was in the Aconcagua valley, and the Spanish royalist forces had not still taken full positions. The charge was a stalemate until Soler's division joined the battle turning the odds in favor of the patriot side.

After the battle, the royalist forces had suffered five hundred casualties and six hundred royalist soldiers had been taken prisoner. On the Army of the Andes side, there were twelve killed and around one hundred wounded. The army also gained new artillery and other weapons, besides restoring the Chilean revolution. He declined, saying he would be delighted if O'Higgins were to be appointed.

The United Army was created with Chilean and Argentine soldiers. The real purpose was to gain as much information as possible about the enemy's plans. The delegation brought the news that a Spanish army under General Mariano Osorio was about to set sail in four frigates to southern Chile. Despite the success in the Battle of Chacabuco, and while leaving Santiago and the northern Chile under patriot control, the royalist forces still had strong presence in southern Chile.

The men under Osorio's command joined the royalist forces in the south by sea. The royalists also had allied themselves with Mapuche native Americans. On March 19, , the royalist forces concentrated and fortified in Talca with around five thousand men under General Osorio, while the independent forces of around seven thousand men formed by the United Army were taking positions in the Cancha Rayada plains.

This experience sharpened his strategic and leadership skills. By , he had traveled to London, where he connected with influential supporters of independence, inspiring his vision for a liberated South America. His first major engagement was the Battle of San Lorenzo in , where he secured a key victory against Spanish forces, showcasing his tactical expertise.

Instead, he planned to reach Peru by first liberating Chile. To do this, he formed and trained the Army of the Andes in the Cuyo region of Argentina. This feat demonstrated his strategic brilliance and inspired his soldiers, leading to the liberation of Santiago after the Battle of Chacabuco. On July 12, , he was appointed Protector of Peru, and Peru declared its independence on July 28, His strategic vision and humility cement his place as a symbol of unity and freedom in Latin American history.

November 4, September 3, November 5, Your email address will not be published. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Italian Composer Ferruccio Busoni. The Argentine provinces could not send the supporting army that San Martin had requested earlier, and the Army of the North no longer existed.

San Martin proposed to establish a constitutional monarchy with a European monarch, with a regency ruling in the interim. San Martin called for an open cabildo to discuss the independence of the country, which was agreed. Unlike Chile , Peru had no local politicians of the stature of O'Higgins, so San Martin became the leader of the government, even though he did not want to.

Jose San Martin did not abolish slavery completely, as Peru had 40, slaveowners, and declared "freedom of wombs" instead, which emancipated the sons of slaves; he emancipated as well the slaves of the royalists who left Lima. Jose San Martin abolished the Inquisition and corporal punishment, and enacted freedom of speech. San Martin thought that if he joined forces with Bolivar he would be able to defeat the remnant royalist forces in Peru.

The military discipline of the Army of the Andes was compromised, but San Martin was reluctant to take drastic action against his officers. Unlike Bolivar, backed up by the Colombian government, San Martin did not have more resources than those he already had: Buenos Aires denied him any support, the other Argentine governors supported him but did not have resources to provide, O'Higgins was about to be deposed in Chile , and Cochrane took the navy and left him without naval power.

San Martin had good relations with the federal caudillos and a personal feud with unitarian leader Bernardino Rivadavia, but tried to stay neutral. Jose San Martin took his daughter Mercedes Tomasa, who was living with her mother's family, and sailed to Europe. Jose San Martin intended to live there until Mercedes completed her education and then return to Argentina.

Rivadavia visited Brussels and San Martin intended to challenge him to a duel, but was dissuaded by Diego Paroissien. Jose San Martin sailed to the country when Rivadavia was deposed and replaced by the federal Manuel Dorrego, and the war ended in the interim. Jose San Martin intended to return anyway, as a federal government would spare him the persecution he would otherwise have received from the unitarians.

The Belgian Revolution and the cholera epidemic of made San Martin leave Brussels and move to Paris , where both San Martin and his daughter became ill. San Martin bequeathed his curved saber to Rosas, because of his successful defense of the country. Jose San Martin was almost blind and had many health problems because of his advanced age, but continued to write letters and keep in touch with the news from South America.

Jose San Martin requested in his will to be taken to the cemetery without any funeral, and to be moved to Buenos Aires thereafter. San Martin was first acclaimed as a national hero of Argentina by the Federals, both during his life and immediately after his death. FactSnippet No. Patria Nueva [ edit ]. Battle of Cancha Rayada [ edit ].

Main article: Second Battle of Cancha Rayada. Fleet of the Pacific [ edit ]. Act of Rancagua [ edit ]. Peru [ edit ]. Main article: Peruvian War of Independence. Expedition of Peru [ edit ]. Protector of Peru [ edit ]. Guayaquil conference [ edit ]. Main article: Guayaquil conference. Later life [ edit ]. Remains [ edit ]. Legacy [ edit ].

References [ edit ]. Instituto Nacional Sanmartiniano in Spanish. Retrieved 17 May Cambridge University Press. ISBN Retrieved 7 May II, p. Women and gender in modern Latin America: historical sources and interpretations. New York NY : Routledge. Retrieved 16 February BNF Gallica in French. Retrieved 13 May Retrieved 28 June NYC Parks.

Retrieved 26 May La semaine dans le boulonnais in French. Smithsonian National Postal Museum. Retrieved 26 December Retrieved 16 July The Urban Roamer. Retrieved 6 July Bibliography [ edit ]. Lynch, John. The Spanish American Revolutions — 2nd ed. Historia Argentina in Spanish. Camogli, Pablo; de Privitellio, Luciano Batallas por la Libertad in Spanish.

Buenos Aires: Aguilar. Galasso, Norberto Buenos Aires: Colihue. Mayochi, Enrique Mario. Archived from the original on 1 June Retrieved 14 July Further reading [ edit ]. Crow, John The Epic of Latin America. Berkeley: University of California Press. Dellepiane, Carlos Harvey, Robert Higgins, James Buenos Aires: Editorial El Ateneo.

Montes i Bradley, Ricardo Ernesto Mexico: Editorial Perspectivas. External links [ edit ]. Media from Commons Quotations from Wikiquote. Francisco Xavier de Luna Pizarro. Bernardo O'Higgins. Toribio Luzuriaga. Military career in Spain. Battle of San Lorenzo Yatasto relay. Regiment of Mounted Grenadiers Army of the Andes. National symbols of Argentina.

Presidents of Peru. Diez Canseco Prado P. Authority control databases. Deutsche Biographie DDB.