Hideki tojo biography summary rubric

However, as the Sino-Japanese War dragged on, the only objectives that bore consideration were: 1 a swift peace between Japan and China; 2 the maintenance of international peace; and 3 the restoration of national power. It was for this reason that Japan: 1 attempted to establish peace with China through negotiations, sometimes through American mediation; 2 strengthened the Russo-Japanese Neutrality Treaty [April ] in the hope of avoiding war with the Soviet Union; and 3 tried as much as possible to use diplomatic means to respond to signs that relations with the United States were worsening, even though in so doing it was necessary for Japan to endure things that were unendurable.

Despite Japan's desires and efforts, unfortunate differences in the ways that Japan, England, the United States, and China understood circumstances, together with misunderstandings of attitudes, made it impossible for the parties to agree. Up until the very end, these were important reasons for the outbreak of war, and from Japan's point of view, this is a matter of great regret.

In dealing with the China problem, the British and American side, which had particularly strong interests in China, should have based its judgments about the origins of the problem on direct observation of the actual circumstances at the time. Moreover, both sides should have considered the point of view and survival of the one billion people of East Asia, who were awakening to world development.

Rather than be trapped in the narrow-minded maintenance of old power structures, it was necessary that both sides deliberate together, work harmoniously, and take a broader view of mutual prosperity, cooperation, and the establishment of stability in East Asia. Little good as we had had to expect from the Konoye Cabinet we had even less to expect from the Cabinet headed by Premier General Hideki Tojo after October Tojo, who had been Minister of War, continued even as Premier to be an active Army officer.

He was a typical Japanese officer, with a small-bore, straight-laced, one-track mind. He was stubborn and self-willed, rather stupid, hard-working, and possessed a quantity of drive. The new Foreign Minister, Shigenori Togo, was a typical Japanese Foreign Office official, a good technician in his craft but also rather narrow in his views and unable to gain a broad perspective.

The new Cabinet almost immediately stated to us with emphasis, through Togo in Tokyo and Nomura in Washington, that they wanted to continue conversations with us and reach an agreement for peace in the. They sought to impress upon us that they supported the assurances of peaceful intentions so often conveyed to us by the Konoye Cabinet. This was on the surface, of course.

Other developments were ominous. Japanese military movements continued in Manchuria and Indo-China. The anti-American campaign went on in the Nipponese press. Navy and Army officers made inflammatory speeches. The director of the naval intelligence section of Imperial Headquarters said in a public address, "The Imperial Navy is itching for action, when needed.

The main American naval forces were shifted to the Pacific region and an American admiral made a strong declaration to the effect that if war were to break out between Japan and the United States, the Japanese navy could be sunk in a matter of weeks. By the fall of , Japan would have no choice but to enter the world war. Tojo, widely viewed by many as a man who could guide Japan to victory, was named prime minister in October.

Tojo established a hard line in international and military affairs, propelling his nation into war and steadily expanding the scope of that war. During to , he was often given wide ranging dictatorial powers in foreign as well as domestic affairs. In this position, he directed military operations with ruthless but indifferent skill. For example, he never really developed a long-term strategy.

After Saipan fell to Allied forces on the 12th of July , a coalition of Japanese state leaders exerted their influence to force Tojo's removal as a military head. Shaken by his country's rapidly deteriorating military situation, Tojo bowed to the coalition without a struggle. In September , Tojo tried to commit suicide when he learned he was to be arrested and tried for war crimes.

Upon his recovery, he was tried as ordered by the International Military Tribunal in Tokyo and found guilty. Tojo was executed by hanging in December Loading comment Honors [ edit ]. Promotions [ edit ]. Japanese [ edit ]. This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources.

Hideki tojo biography summary rubric

Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. November Learn how and when to remove this message. Foreign [ edit ]. This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources in this section. Notes [ edit ]. References [ edit ]. April 19, The National Interest. Retrieved August 26, August 11, Retrieved May 22, June 21, Retrieved July 21, The Christian Science Monitor.

Associated Press. August 17, Retrieved November 16, The Tokyo War Crimes Trial. The Washington Post. ISSN New York: Metro Books. ISBN The Education Forum. January 25, The National Archives U. August 15, Archived from the original on July 18, BBC News. Archived from the original on August 16, Retrieved May 29, August 28, Retrieved May 8, The Florida Times-Union.

November 11, Archived from the original on August 15, Retrieved June 24, Japan Today. June 8, Retrieved June 14, June 15, Scarecrow Press. Retrieved November 10, Kunnian ruletti: korkeimmat ulkomaalaisille — annetut suomalaiset kunniamerkit in Finnish. Helsinki: Suomalaisen Kirjallisuuden Seura. National Diet Library. Retrieved September 5, Bibliography [ edit ].

Baudot, Marcel Infobase Publishing. Bix, Herbert P. Hirohito and the making of modern Japan. Retrieved November 11, Browne, Courtney Tojo The Last Banzai. Boston: Da Capo Press. Butow, Robert Joseph Charles Tojo and the coming of the war. Stanford University Press. Countis, Sierra September 12, Cowley, Robert; Parker, Geoffrey The Reader's Companion to Military History.

Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. Crowe, David M. New York: St. Martin's Press, LLC. Retrieved February 24, Dear, I. Oxford University Press. Dower, John W. Falk, Stanley December Political Science Quarterly. JSTOR Fredrikson, John C. America's military adversaries: from colonial times to the present. Fujiwara, Akira Aoki Shoten. Jews in the Japanese mind: the history and uses of a cultural stereotype.

Lexington Books. In February , he even assumed direct command of army operations as chief of the Army General Staff. He served constitutionally at the behest of the emperor, without support of a mass party, while crucial power centers, such as the industrial combines known as zaibatsu , the navy, and the court, remained beyond his control. At his trial, he asserted his personal responsibility for the war and attempted to deflect attention from the emperor.